Protective effect of melatonin against maternal deprivation-induced acute hippocampal damage in infant rats

It is known that maternal deprivation induces hippocampal damage in the developing brains. In the present study, we examined the effects of melatonin on maternal deprivation-induced hippocampal damage both during and after stress-hyporesponsive period (SHRP). Hippocampal damage was examined by cresyl violet staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The results showed that a single episode of maternal deprivation for 24 h at post-SHRP induced neuronal loss in hippocampus regions of the brain in the infant rats, while it did not influence hippocampal neurons in SHRP. Melatonin prevented maternal deprivation-induced hippocampal damage in the infant rats at post-SHRP. These results suggest that melatonin is a potentially beneficial agent to improve the neurobehavioral outcomes of maternal deprivation in later developmental period.