Prognostic Value of Pacing-Induced Mechanical Alternans in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Sinus Rhythm

Prognostic Value of Pacing-Induced Mechanical Alternans in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Sinus Rhythm Akihiro Hirashiki, Hideo Izawa, Fuji Somura, Koji Obata, Tomoko Kato, Takao Nishizawa, Akira Yamada, Hiroyuki Asano, Satoru Ohshima, Akiko Noda, Shigeo Iino, Kohzo Nagata, Kenji Okumura, Toyoaki Murohara, Mitsuhiro Yokota The relation between the occurrence of pacing-induced mechanical alternans and prognosis in patients with mild-to-moderate idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) in sinus rhythm was investigated in a prospective study. The event-free survival rate in IDCM patients with pacing-induced mechanical alternans was significantly lower than that in IDCM patients without this condition. Pacing-induced mechanical alternans is thus a potentially useful indicator of poor prognosis in patients with mild-to-moderate IDCM in sinus rhythm. The relation between the occurrence of pacing-induced mechanical alternans and prognosis in patients with mild-to-moderate idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) in sinus rhythm was investigated prospectively. The myocardial expression of genes for Ca2+-handling proteins in such patients was also examined. Mechanical alternans occurs in some patients with severe heart failure, but the relation between the occurrence of mechanical alternans and prognosis in patients with IDCM has remained unknown. Left ventricular (LV) pressure was measured during atrial pacing, and LV endomyocardial biopsy specimens were collected in 36 IDCM patients and 8 controls. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy patients were divided into two groups consisting of 22 individuals who did not develop mechanical alternans at heart rates up to 140 beats/min (group A) and of 14 individuals who did (group B). The patients were followed up for a mean of 3.7 years. There was no significant difference in LV ejection fraction or the plasma concentration of brain natriuretic peptide between groups A and B. The myocardial abundance of ryanodine receptor 2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was significantly lower in groups A and B than in controls, whereas that of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase mRNA was significantly lower in group B than in group A or controls. Stepwise multivariate analysis identified pacing-induced mechanical alternans as the strongest predictor of cardiac events. Event-free survival in group A was significantly greater than that in group B. The occurrence of pacing-induced mechanical alternans is