An osteoclastic protein-tyrosine phosphatase is a potential positive regulator of the c-Src protein-tyrosine kinase activity: A mediator of osteoclast activity

This study tested the hypothesis that an osteoclastic protein‐tyrosine phosphatase, PTP‐oc, enhances osteoclast activity through c‐Src activation. The effects of several resorption activators and inhibitors on PTP‐oc expression, resorption activity, and c‐Src activation were determined in rabbit osteoclasts. PTP‐oc expression was assayed with immunoblots and semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR. Osteoclastic activity was determined by the resorption pit assay; and c‐Src activation was monitored by P‐tyr527 (PY527) dephosphorylation, and in vitro kinase assay. Treatment of osteoclasts with PTH, PGE2, 1,25(OH)2D3, IL‐1, but not RANKL or IL‐6, significantly stimulated resorption activity, increased PTP‐oc mRNA and protein levels, and reduced c‐Src PY527 level with corresponding activation of c‐Src protein‐tyrosine kinase activity. The PTP‐oc antisense phosphorothioated oligo treatment blocked the basal and IL‐1α‐mediated, but not RANKL‐mediated, resorption activity of isolated osteoclasts. The antisense oligo treatment also significantly reduced the average depth of resorption pits created by rabbit osteoclasts under basal conditions. Calcitonin and alendondrate, significantly reduced resorption activity and PTP‐oc expression, and increased c‐Src PY527 with corresponding reduction in its PTK activity. The cellular PTP‐oc protein level correlated with the resorption activity. Among the various signaling proteins co‐immunoprecipitated with PTP‐oc, the resorption effectors caused corresponding changes in the tyrosyl phosphorylation level of only c‐Src. The GST–PTP‐oc fusion protein dephosphorylated PY‐527‐containing c‐Src peptide in time‐ and dose‐dependent manner in vitro. In summary, (1) PTP‐oc is regulated in part at transcriptional level, (2) upregulation of PTP‐oc in osteoclasts led to c‐Src activation, and (3) PY527 of c‐Src may be a cellular substrate of PTP‐oc. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that PTP‐oc is a positive regulator of c‐Src in osteoclasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 940–955, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.