Sterility testing of platelet concentrates prepared from deliberately infected blood donations
BACKGROUND: In general the bacterial count in freshly donated blood is low and even lower in the corresponding platelet concentrates (PCs). By use of flow cytometry (FACS) for sterility testing, the reliability of early versus later sampling times was evaluated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood don...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Transfusion (Philadelphia, Pa.) Pa.), 2006-03, Vol.46 (3), p.486-491 |
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| creator | Mohr, Harald Lambrecht, Bernd Bayer, Anette Spengler, Hans-Peter Nicol, Sven-Boris Montag, Thomas Müller, Thomas H. |
| description | BACKGROUND: In general the bacterial count in freshly donated blood is low and even lower in the corresponding platelet concentrates (PCs). By use of flow cytometry (FACS) for sterility testing, the reliability of early versus later sampling times was evaluated.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood donations were spiked with various numbers of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The corresponding PCs were prepared by the buffy‐coat method and stored at 22°C. A 20‐mL sample was collected from each PC directly after preparation and after 8 hours. Samples were stored at 35°C. Sterility testing of both PCs and samples was by FACS analysis at different time points.
RESULTS: All stored PCs were found positive by FACS analysis, with detection times ranging between 8 and 24 hours (K. pneumoniae, B. cereus), 8 and 91 hours (S. aureus), and 144 hours (S. epidermidis). In the samples incubated at 35°C, bacteria were detected after 8 to 19 hours (K. pneumoniae, B. cereus), 8 to 67 hours (S. aureus), and 19 to 43 hours (S. epidermidis). Some of the samples did not contain bacteria.
CONCLUSION: Detection times for slow‐growing bacteria are significantly shortened when PC samples are incubated at 35°C: The numbers of bacteria in freshly prepared PCs may, however, be so low that the samples drawn for sterility testing do not contain a single bacterium. Our results do not support a shortening of the 24‐hour or greater sampling time recommended by the manufacturers of established test systems, because also for consistent detection by FACS, bacteria need to grow in the PCs to sufficient numbers. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00747.x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_67754554</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>67754554</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4367-9768a87198654a94dea6e49e666606586da1e6cc37368287abc9b541036d96483</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkEtv1DAUhS0EokPhLyBvYJdgx694g4QqOiCVh6CorLAc5wZ58CSp7REz_x6nM2q33I1tne-e63sQwpTUtNSbTU0FU1WjtagbQmRNiOKq3j9Cq3vhMVoRwmlFKWvO0LOUNoSQRhP6FJ1RKRhrNF-hX98zRB98PuAMKfvxN54GPAebIUDGbhodjDmWZ8JzhNlG6PEQpy3uIfgOFiUcsB8HcLlIXZimHvfTaLOfxvQcPRlsSPDidJ6jH5fvry8-VFdf1h8v3l1VjjOpKq1ka1tFdSsFt5r3YCVwDbIUkaKVvaUgnWOKybZple2c7gSnhMleS96yc_T66DvH6XZXFjFbnxyEYEeYdslIpQQXghewPYIuTilFGMwc_dbGg6HELNmajVkiNEuEZsnW3GVr9qX15WnGrttC_9B4CrMAr06ATc6GIdrR-fTAKdlIJnTh3h65vz7A4b8_YK6_Xd5di0F1NPApw_7ewMY_ZVGmhLn5vDY_bz61a_G1MQ37B7EjpKs</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>67754554</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Sterility testing of platelet concentrates prepared from deliberately infected blood donations</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library All Journals</source><creator>Mohr, Harald ; Lambrecht, Bernd ; Bayer, Anette ; Spengler, Hans-Peter ; Nicol, Sven-Boris ; Montag, Thomas ; Müller, Thomas H.</creator><creatorcontrib>Mohr, Harald ; Lambrecht, Bernd ; Bayer, Anette ; Spengler, Hans-Peter ; Nicol, Sven-Boris ; Montag, Thomas ; Müller, Thomas H.</creatorcontrib><description>BACKGROUND: In general the bacterial count in freshly donated blood is low and even lower in the corresponding platelet concentrates (PCs). By use of flow cytometry (FACS) for sterility testing, the reliability of early versus later sampling times was evaluated.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood donations were spiked with various numbers of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The corresponding PCs were prepared by the buffy‐coat method and stored at 22°C. A 20‐mL sample was collected from each PC directly after preparation and after 8 hours. Samples were stored at 35°C. Sterility testing of both PCs and samples was by FACS analysis at different time points.
RESULTS: All stored PCs were found positive by FACS analysis, with detection times ranging between 8 and 24 hours (K. pneumoniae, B. cereus), 8 and 91 hours (S. aureus), and 144 hours (S. epidermidis). In the samples incubated at 35°C, bacteria were detected after 8 to 19 hours (K. pneumoniae, B. cereus), 8 to 67 hours (S. aureus), and 19 to 43 hours (S. epidermidis). Some of the samples did not contain bacteria.
CONCLUSION: Detection times for slow‐growing bacteria are significantly shortened when PC samples are incubated at 35°C: The numbers of bacteria in freshly prepared PCs may, however, be so low that the samples drawn for sterility testing do not contain a single bacterium. Our results do not support a shortening of the 24‐hour or greater sampling time recommended by the manufacturers of established test systems, because also for consistent detection by FACS, bacteria need to grow in the PCs to sufficient numbers.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0041-1132</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-2995</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00747.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16533294</identifier><identifier>CODEN: TRANAT</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Malden, USA: Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><subject>Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy ; Bacteria - cytology ; Bacteria - growth & development ; Bacterial Infections ; Bacteriological Techniques ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood coagulation. Blood cells ; Blood Donors ; Blood Platelets - cytology ; Blood Platelets - microbiology ; Blood Preservation - methods ; Blood. Blood and plasma substitutes. Blood products. Blood cells. Blood typing. Plasmapheresis. Apheresis ; Emergency and intensive cardiocirculatory care. Cardiogenic shock. Coronary intensive care ; Female ; Flow Cytometry - methods ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Infection Control - methods ; Intensive care medicine ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Molecular and cellular biology ; Platelet ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Time Factors ; Transfusions. Complications. Transfusion reactions. Cell and gene therapy</subject><ispartof>Transfusion (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2006-03, Vol.46 (3), p.486-491</ispartof><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4367-9768a87198654a94dea6e49e666606586da1e6cc37368287abc9b541036d96483</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4367-9768a87198654a94dea6e49e666606586da1e6cc37368287abc9b541036d96483</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1537-2995.2006.00747.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1537-2995.2006.00747.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1416,27923,27924,45573,45574</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17626359$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16533294$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mohr, Harald</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lambrecht, Bernd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bayer, Anette</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spengler, Hans-Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nicol, Sven-Boris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Montag, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Müller, Thomas H.</creatorcontrib><title>Sterility testing of platelet concentrates prepared from deliberately infected blood donations</title><title>Transfusion (Philadelphia, Pa.)</title><addtitle>Transfusion</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND: In general the bacterial count in freshly donated blood is low and even lower in the corresponding platelet concentrates (PCs). By use of flow cytometry (FACS) for sterility testing, the reliability of early versus later sampling times was evaluated.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood donations were spiked with various numbers of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The corresponding PCs were prepared by the buffy‐coat method and stored at 22°C. A 20‐mL sample was collected from each PC directly after preparation and after 8 hours. Samples were stored at 35°C. Sterility testing of both PCs and samples was by FACS analysis at different time points.
RESULTS: All stored PCs were found positive by FACS analysis, with detection times ranging between 8 and 24 hours (K. pneumoniae, B. cereus), 8 and 91 hours (S. aureus), and 144 hours (S. epidermidis). In the samples incubated at 35°C, bacteria were detected after 8 to 19 hours (K. pneumoniae, B. cereus), 8 to 67 hours (S. aureus), and 19 to 43 hours (S. epidermidis). Some of the samples did not contain bacteria.
CONCLUSION: Detection times for slow‐growing bacteria are significantly shortened when PC samples are incubated at 35°C: The numbers of bacteria in freshly prepared PCs may, however, be so low that the samples drawn for sterility testing do not contain a single bacterium. Our results do not support a shortening of the 24‐hour or greater sampling time recommended by the manufacturers of established test systems, because also for consistent detection by FACS, bacteria need to grow in the PCs to sufficient numbers.</description><subject>Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy</subject><subject>Bacteria - cytology</subject><subject>Bacteria - growth & development</subject><subject>Bacterial Infections</subject><subject>Bacteriological Techniques</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood coagulation. Blood cells</subject><subject>Blood Donors</subject><subject>Blood Platelets - cytology</subject><subject>Blood Platelets - microbiology</subject><subject>Blood Preservation - methods</subject><subject>Blood. Blood and plasma substitutes. Blood products. Blood cells. Blood typing. Plasmapheresis. Apheresis</subject><subject>Emergency and intensive cardiocirculatory care. Cardiogenic shock. Coronary intensive care</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flow Cytometry - methods</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hot Temperature</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infection Control - methods</subject><subject>Intensive care medicine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Molecular and cellular biology</subject><subject>Platelet</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Transfusions. Complications. Transfusion reactions. Cell and gene therapy</subject><issn>0041-1132</issn><issn>1537-2995</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkEtv1DAUhS0EokPhLyBvYJdgx694g4QqOiCVh6CorLAc5wZ58CSp7REz_x6nM2q33I1tne-e63sQwpTUtNSbTU0FU1WjtagbQmRNiOKq3j9Cq3vhMVoRwmlFKWvO0LOUNoSQRhP6FJ1RKRhrNF-hX98zRB98PuAMKfvxN54GPAebIUDGbhodjDmWZ8JzhNlG6PEQpy3uIfgOFiUcsB8HcLlIXZimHvfTaLOfxvQcPRlsSPDidJ6jH5fvry8-VFdf1h8v3l1VjjOpKq1ka1tFdSsFt5r3YCVwDbIUkaKVvaUgnWOKybZple2c7gSnhMleS96yc_T66DvH6XZXFjFbnxyEYEeYdslIpQQXghewPYIuTilFGMwc_dbGg6HELNmajVkiNEuEZsnW3GVr9qX15WnGrttC_9B4CrMAr06ATc6GIdrR-fTAKdlIJnTh3h65vz7A4b8_YK6_Xd5di0F1NPApw_7ewMY_ZVGmhLn5vDY_bz61a_G1MQ37B7EjpKs</recordid><startdate>200603</startdate><enddate>200603</enddate><creator>Mohr, Harald</creator><creator>Lambrecht, Bernd</creator><creator>Bayer, Anette</creator><creator>Spengler, Hans-Peter</creator><creator>Nicol, Sven-Boris</creator><creator>Montag, Thomas</creator><creator>Müller, Thomas H.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Inc</general><general>Blackwell Publishing</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200603</creationdate><title>Sterility testing of platelet concentrates prepared from deliberately infected blood donations</title><author>Mohr, Harald ; Lambrecht, Bernd ; Bayer, Anette ; Spengler, Hans-Peter ; Nicol, Sven-Boris ; Montag, Thomas ; Müller, Thomas H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4367-9768a87198654a94dea6e49e666606586da1e6cc37368287abc9b541036d96483</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy</topic><topic>Bacteria - cytology</topic><topic>Bacteria - growth & development</topic><topic>Bacterial Infections</topic><topic>Bacteriological Techniques</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood coagulation. Blood cells</topic><topic>Blood Donors</topic><topic>Blood Platelets - cytology</topic><topic>Blood Platelets - microbiology</topic><topic>Blood Preservation - methods</topic><topic>Blood. Blood and plasma substitutes. Blood products. Blood cells. Blood typing. Plasmapheresis. Apheresis</topic><topic>Emergency and intensive cardiocirculatory care. Cardiogenic shock. Coronary intensive care</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Flow Cytometry - methods</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Hot Temperature</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infection Control - methods</topic><topic>Intensive care medicine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Molecular and cellular biology</topic><topic>Platelet</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Transfusions. Complications. Transfusion reactions. Cell and gene therapy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mohr, Harald</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lambrecht, Bernd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bayer, Anette</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spengler, Hans-Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nicol, Sven-Boris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Montag, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Müller, Thomas H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Transfusion (Philadelphia, Pa.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mohr, Harald</au><au>Lambrecht, Bernd</au><au>Bayer, Anette</au><au>Spengler, Hans-Peter</au><au>Nicol, Sven-Boris</au><au>Montag, Thomas</au><au>Müller, Thomas H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sterility testing of platelet concentrates prepared from deliberately infected blood donations</atitle><jtitle>Transfusion (Philadelphia, Pa.)</jtitle><addtitle>Transfusion</addtitle><date>2006-03</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>486</spage><epage>491</epage><pages>486-491</pages><issn>0041-1132</issn><eissn>1537-2995</eissn><coden>TRANAT</coden><abstract>BACKGROUND: In general the bacterial count in freshly donated blood is low and even lower in the corresponding platelet concentrates (PCs). By use of flow cytometry (FACS) for sterility testing, the reliability of early versus later sampling times was evaluated.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood donations were spiked with various numbers of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The corresponding PCs were prepared by the buffy‐coat method and stored at 22°C. A 20‐mL sample was collected from each PC directly after preparation and after 8 hours. Samples were stored at 35°C. Sterility testing of both PCs and samples was by FACS analysis at different time points.
RESULTS: All stored PCs were found positive by FACS analysis, with detection times ranging between 8 and 24 hours (K. pneumoniae, B. cereus), 8 and 91 hours (S. aureus), and 144 hours (S. epidermidis). In the samples incubated at 35°C, bacteria were detected after 8 to 19 hours (K. pneumoniae, B. cereus), 8 to 67 hours (S. aureus), and 19 to 43 hours (S. epidermidis). Some of the samples did not contain bacteria.
CONCLUSION: Detection times for slow‐growing bacteria are significantly shortened when PC samples are incubated at 35°C: The numbers of bacteria in freshly prepared PCs may, however, be so low that the samples drawn for sterility testing do not contain a single bacterium. Our results do not support a shortening of the 24‐hour or greater sampling time recommended by the manufacturers of established test systems, because also for consistent detection by FACS, bacteria need to grow in the PCs to sufficient numbers.</abstract><cop>Malden, USA</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Inc</pub><pmid>16533294</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00747.x</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy Bacteria - cytology Bacteria - growth & development Bacterial Infections Bacteriological Techniques Biological and medical sciences Blood coagulation. Blood cells Blood Donors Blood Platelets - cytology Blood Platelets - microbiology Blood Preservation - methods Blood. Blood and plasma substitutes. Blood products. Blood cells. Blood typing. Plasmapheresis. Apheresis Emergency and intensive cardiocirculatory care. Cardiogenic shock. Coronary intensive care Female Flow Cytometry - methods Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hot Temperature Humans Infection Control - methods Intensive care medicine Male Medical sciences Molecular and cellular biology Platelet Sensitivity and Specificity Time Factors Transfusions. Complications. Transfusion reactions. Cell and gene therapy |
| title | Sterility testing of platelet concentrates prepared from deliberately infected blood donations |
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