Increase in delta- and beta-wave activity of the EEG during rapid opiate detoxification (ROD)-reversal by administration of the non-specific NMDA-antagonist S(+) ketamine
Little is known on effects taking place in the CNS during rapid opioid detoxification (ROD) while the patient is under anesthesia. We therefore measured EEG-power spectra in the β, α, Θ, and δ-band in 36 patients undergoing ROD. Measurements were taken before, during steady-state anesthesia and foll...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Neurophysiologie clinique 2005-02, Vol.35 (1), p.25-32 |
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Zusammenfassung: | Little is known on effects taking place in the CNS during rapid opioid detoxification (ROD) while the patient is under anesthesia. We therefore measured EEG-power spectra in the β, α, Θ, and δ-band in 36 patients undergoing ROD. Measurements were taken before, during steady-state anesthesia and following administration of the antagonist naltrexone. In addition, the non-specific NMDA-antagonist S(+) ketamine was given for reduction of CNS-hyperexcitation, while the efficacy of this adjunct was determined using EEG power spectra analysis. Compared to steady-state anesthesia, EEG power spectra were characterized by a marked decrease of power by 251% in the delta (0.5–3 Hz) and an increase by 209% in the beta- (13–30 Hz) domain when withdrawal was induced with naltrexone. Subsequent administration of S(+)-ketamine induced a reversal of acute abstinence-related EEG power changes: compared to anesthesia with naltrexone on board, power in the EEG increased by 65% in the delta- and decreased by 723% in the beta-band. While sympathetically induced hemodynamic alterations in anesthesia-assisted opioid detoxification can be attenuated by the α
2-agonist clonidine and sedation, central nervous sensory activation can be attenuated by the administration of S(+)-ketamine (1.5 mg/kg). Since EEG alterations during acute withdrawal with naltrexone can be controlled by the non-specific NMDA-antagonist S(+)-ketamine, this latter presents a useful adjunct during ROD management.
Les effets sur le système nerveux central (SNC) d’une désintoxication rapide aux opoïdes (DRO) réalisée alors que le patient est sous anesthésie sont encore très peu connus. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié les spectres de puissance de l’EEG dans les bandes alpha, bêta, téta et delta, chez 36 patients en cours de DRO. Les mesures ont été réalisées avant et pendant l’anesthésie ainsi qu'après administration de la naltrexone. De plus, nous avons administré un antagoniste non spécifique des récepteurs au NMDA (S(+) ketamine) dans le but de réduire l’hyperexcitabilité du SNC, l’efficacité de cet ajout étant déterminée par l’analyse des spectres de puissance de l’EEG. Comparés à ceux mesurés pendant l’anesthésie, les spectres de puissance obtenus au moment de l’introduction de la naltrexone et donc de la sensation de manque étaient caractérisés par une forte diminution (–251%) de la puissance dans la bande delta (0.5–3.5 Hz) et par une augmentation de 209% dans la bande bêta (13–30 Hz). L’administration su |
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ISSN: | 0987-7053 1769-7131 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.neucli.2004.11.001 |