Influenza vaccine with Surfacten, a modified pulmonary surfactant, induces systemic and mucosal immune responses without side effects in minipigs

Abstract Immune responses and side effects of intranasally administered flu vaccine with the commercial product Surfacten, a modified bovine pulmonary surfactant, were investigated in minipigs. The use of minipigs was based on the anatomical resemblance of nasal lymph nodes, the principal antigen uptake site of respiratory mucosal immunity, between pig and human. Intranasal instillation of HA vaccine adjuvanted with Surfacten elicited significantly higher serum hemagglutination inhibition titers than the antigen alone, with wide cross-neutralizing activities of secretory IgA in nasal washes. No significant induction of inflammatory cytokines or migration of inflammatory cells was observed at the site of immunization or serum after the first immunization. These data suggest the potential usefulness of Surfacten for mucosal vaccination.