Percutaneous Fetoscopic Laser Decompression of Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS) from Laryngeal Atresia via a Single Trocar – Current Technical Constraints and Potential Solutions for Future Interventions

Objective: To alleviate congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) from laryngeal atresia by percutaneous minimally-invasive fetoscopic tracheal decompression using laser. Methods: The procedure was performed via one trocar under general maternofetal anesthesia in a human fetus with CHAOS from laryngeal atresia at 21+6 weeks of gestation. Results: Normalization of the lung-heart size relationship was observed within days after the procedure. The fetus was delivered by ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) in order to perform a tracheotomy at 31+1 weeks of gestation and survived hospital treatment to discharge. Conclusions: Percutaneous minimally-invasive fetoscopic decompression of the fetal trachea via a single trocar is feasible in human fetuses with CHAOS from laryngeal atresia.