Characterisation and regulation of E2F-6 and E2F-6b in the rat heart: a potential target for myocardial regeneration?

The E2F transcription factors are instrumental in regulating cell cycle progression and growth, including that in cardiomyocytes, which exit the cell cycle shortly after birth. E2F‐6 has been demonstrated to act as a transcriptional repressor; however, its potential role in normal cardiomyocyte proliferation and hypertrophy has not previously been investigated. Here we report the isolation and characterisation of E2F‐6 and E2F‐6b in rat cardiomyocytes and consider its potential as a target for myocardial regeneration following injury. At the mRNA level, both rat E2F‐6 and the alternatively spliced variant, E2F‐6b, were expressed in E18 myocytes and levels were maintained throughout development into adulthood. Interestingly, E2F‐6 protein expression was down‐regulated during myocyte development suggesting that it is regulated post‐transcriptionally in these cells. During myocyte hypertrophy, the mRNA expressions of E2F‐6 and E2F‐6b were not regulated whereas E2F‐6 protein was up‐regulated significantly. Indeed, E2F‐6 protein expression levels closely parallel the developmental withdrawal of myocytes from the cell cycle and the subsequent reactivation of their cell cycle machinery during hypertrophic growth. Furthermore, depletion of E2F‐6, using anti‐sense technology, results in death of cultured neonatal myocytes. Taken together, abrogation of E2F‐6 expression in neonatal cardiomyocytes leads to a significant decrease in their viability, consistent with the notion that E2F‐6 might be required for maintaining normal myocyte growth.