A simplified model for nonlinear cross-phase modulation in hybrid optical coherent system

Cross-phase modulation (XPM) has been considered as one of the ultimate obstacles for optical coherent dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. In order to facilitate the XPM analysis, a simplified model was proposed. The model reduced the distributed XPM phenomena to a lumped phase modulation. The XPM phase noise was generated by a linear system which was determined by the DWDM system parameters and whose inputs were undistorted pump channel intensity waveforms. The model limitations induced by the lumped phase modulation and undistorted pumps approximations were intensively discussed and verified. The simplified model showed a good agreement with simulations and experiments for a typical hybrid optical coherent system. Various XPM phenomena were explained by the proposed model.