Renal effects of intraoperative atrial natriuretic peptide

Volume loading to correct hypovolemia, use of inotropes and vasopressor agents to optimize cardiac output and systemic blood pressure, use of renal vasodilator to augment renal blood flow, and use of diuretics to decrease medullary oxygen consumption are all examples of such strategies. Because inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of acute tubular necrosis, antioxidants and antiinflammatory agents such as acetylcysteine have been studied. [...]multiple studies show no correlation between oliguria and histologic evidence of acute renal failure [10].