Fabrication of a Novel Hybrid Heart Valve Leaflet for Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro Study

The objective of this study was to fabricate biomatrix/polymer hybrid heart valve leaflet scaffolds using an electrospinning technique and seeded by mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from rats. Porcine aortic heart valve leaflets were decellularized, coated with basic fibroblast growth factor/chitosan/poly‐4‐hydroxybutyrate using an electrospinning technique, reseeded, and cultured over a time period of 14 days. Controls were reseeded and cultured over an equivalent time period. Specimens were examined biochemically, histologically, and mechanically. Recellularization of the hybrid heart valve leaflet scaffolds was significantly improved compared to controls. Biochemical and mechanical analysis revealed a significant increase of cell mass, 4‐hydroxyproline, collagen, and strength in the hybrid heart valve leaflets compared to controls. This is the first attempt in tissue‐engineered heart valves to fabricate hybrid heart valve leaflets using mesenchymal stem cells combined with a slow release technique and an electrospinning technique.