Design of salt-tolerant membrane adsorbers for viral clearance

Strong anion exchange chromatography has frequently been employed as a viral clearance step during downstream processing of biological therapeutics. When challenged with viruses having only slightly acidic isoelectric points, the performance of the anion exchange operation becomes highly dependent on the buffer salt concentration, with the virus log reduction value (LRV) dropping dramatically in buffers with 50-150 mM salt. In this work, a series of anion exchange membrane adsorbers utilizing alternative ligand chemistries instead of the traditional quaternary amine (Q) ligand have been developed that overcome this limitation. Four different ligands (agmatine, tris-2-aminoethyl amine, polyhexamethylene biguanide, and polyethyleneimine) achieved >5 LRV of bacteriophage ΦX174 (pI ~ 6.7) at pH 7.5 and up to 150 mM salt, compared to 0 LRV for the Q ligand. By evaluating structural derivatives of the successful ligands, three factors were identified that contributed to ligand salt tolerance: ligand net charge, ligand immobilization density on the membrane, and molecular structure of the ligand-binding group. Based on the results of this study, membrane adsorbers that incorporate alternative ligands provide a more robust and salt tolerant viral clearance-processing step compared to traditional strong anion exchange membrane adsorbers. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 920-929.