Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions of Aryl Halides and Related Compounds

A CO group richer: (Hetero)arenes are vital intermediates in the manufacture of agrochemicals, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other industrial products. In the past decades transition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions of aryl halides with all types of nucleophiles have been developed. This Review summarizes recent work in the area of palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reactions of aryl halides and related compounds (see scheme).Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reactions of aromatic halides in the presence of various nucleophiles have undergone rapid development since the pioneering work of Heck and co-workers in 1974, such that nowadays a plethora of palladium catalysts are available for different carbonylative transformations. The carboxylic acid derivatives, aldehydes, and ketones prepared in this way are important intermediates in the manufacture of dyes, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other industrial products. In this Review, the recent academic developments in this area and the first industrial processes are summarized.