Differences in mRNA and microRNA Microarray Expression Profiles in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma HT-29 Cells Treated with either Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), or Conventional Radiation Therapy (RT)

We carried out this in vitro molecular study to investigate the effect of two clinical X-irradiation modalities (a two-dimensional external beam radiotherapy referred to in this article as conventional RT, and a three dimensional conformal intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) on a colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell line. Cells were synchronized by serum deprivation 48 h before irradiation so that >90% of them were in the G 0 /G 1 phase of the cell cycle. Cells were allowed to recover 3 h after irradiation before total RNA extraction. Two types of arrays, namely Affymetrix Human HG U133A 2.0 oligonucleotide microarrays and Ambion mirVana bioarrays, were employed to study mRNA and microRNA expressions, respectively. Three flasks were used per irradiation dose, and an additional three unirradiated flasks served as control. Microarray data were validated by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and proteins of some expressed genes were determined by Western blots. Results showed the existence of differences in expression profiles between the two irradiation modalities. IMRT appeared to influence expression of some DNA repair genes, whereas in conventional RT, some DNA repair and cell cycle-related genes that initially seemed to be preferentially expressed dwindled to normal levels. Earlier in vitro experiments using cell survival to study sublethal damage repair support our conclusions. Bioinformatic investigation revealed a correlation of gene expression with derepression effects of microRNA molecules. We have presented opinions as to how microRNAs might influence gene expression during radiation-induced stress and have suggested future avenues for research.