Synthesis of highly-monodisperse spherical titania particles with diameters in the submicron range

Highly-monodisperse titania particles prepared using dodecylamine had mesopores near the surface of the spheres, providing high pore accessibility to the sphere from the surface–air interface. Monodisperse titania spheres with particle diameters in the range 380–960 nm were successfully synthesized by hydrolysis and condensation of titanium tetraisopropoxide. The preparation was performed using ammonia or dodecylamine (DDA) as a catalyst in methanol/acetonitrile co-solvent at room temperature. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and nitrogen sorption measurement. The use of DDA was effective for the synthesis of monodisperse titania spheres with low coefficient of variation. When the titania spherical particles with coefficient of variation less than 4% were obtained, the colloidal crystallization easily occurred simply by centrifugation. The monodispersity was maintained even after crystallization of the particles by high temperature annealing. The titania particles prepared using DDA had mesopores near the surface of the spheres, providing high pore accessibility to the sphere from the surface–air interface. The particle size uniformity and photocatalytic reactivity of the titania prepared using DDA were higher than those of the titania prepared using ammonia.