Deinococcus frigens sp. nov., Deinococcus saxicola sp. nov., and Deinococcus marmoris sp. nov., Low Temperature and Draught-tolerating, UV-resistant Bacteria from Continental Antarctica

Six Gram-positive, non-motile, UV- and draught-tolerant bacteria were isolated from antarctic soil and rock samples. The pink to orange cocci grew well on oligotrophic medium PYGV (pH 7.5) at 9–18 °C. They tolerated 0–10 % NaCl, were aerobic to facultatively anaerobic and contained ornithine in their cell wall (type A3b, Orn-Gly 2). The lipid profiles of four strains were found to be typical for those of D. radiodurans. Major fatty acids were 16:1cis9, 15:1cis9, 17:1cis9 and i17:1cis9, the respiratory quinone of three strains was MK-8. Comparative 16S rDNA gene sequencing revealed phylogenetic relationships to the Deinococcus clade, especially to D. radiopugnans. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA hybridisation data showed the six isolates represented new taxa. Phenotypic properties supported the description of three new species which were different from the eight known Deinococcus species and particularly from D. radiopugnans. Soil isolate AA-692 T (DSM 12807 T) is the type strain of Deinococcus frigens sp. nov., with AA-752 (DSM 15993) and AA-829 (DSM 15994) as additional strains from soil. The endolithic isolate AA-1444 T, Deinococcus saxicola sp. nov., (DSM 15974 T) came from antarctic sandstone, and Deinococcus marmoris sp. nov. (isolate AA-63 T [DSM 12784 T]) as well as AA-69 (DSM 15951) were isolated from antarctic marble.