Complete Charge Pooling is Prevented in Viologen-Based Dendrimers by Self-Protection

We have investigated the electrochemical behavior, and chemical and photosensitized reduction of two dendrimers based on a 1,3,5‐trisubstituted benzenoid core, which contain 9 and 21 4,4′‐bipyridinium (usually called viologen) units, respectively, in their branches and are terminated with tetraarylm...

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Veröffentlicht in:Chemistry : a European journal 2004-12, Vol.10 (24), p.6361-6368
Hauptverfasser: Marchioni, Filippo, Venturi, Margherita, Ceroni, Paola, Balzani, Vincenzo, Belohradsky, Martin, Elizarov, Arkadij M., Tseng, Hsian-Rong, Stoddart, J. Fraser
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:We have investigated the electrochemical behavior, and chemical and photosensitized reduction of two dendrimers based on a 1,3,5‐trisubstituted benzenoid core, which contain 9 and 21 4,4′‐bipyridinium (usually called viologen) units, respectively, in their branches and are terminated with tetraarylmethane groups. For comparison purposes, the behavior of reference compounds that contain a single viologen unit have also been investigated. We have found that only part of the viologen units can be reduced in the dendrimer species. For the larger dendrimer, the number of reducible viologens (out of the 21 present) is 14 in electrochemical experiments (in MeCN), 9 on reduction with bis(benzene)chromium (in MeCN), and 13 by photoinduced electron transfer with 9‐methylanthracene as a photosensitizer and triethanolamine as a sacrificial reductant in CH2Cl2. The reduced viologen units undergo partial dimerization. The photochemical experiments have shown that only monomeric, one‐electron‐reduced viologen units are formed at the beginning of the irradiation, followed by dimer formation, until a photostationary state is reached that contains 40 % nonreduced, 33 % monomeric reduced, and 27 % reduced units associated in the dimeric form. The results suggest that, upon reduction of a fraction of the viologen units, the dendrimer structure shrinks, with the result that the bulky terminal groups protect other viologen units from being reduced. I risultati riportati in questo lavoro riguardano la riduzione elettrochimica, chimica e fotochimica di due dendrimeri formati da un'unità centrale benzenica, da unità periferiche costituite da gruppi tetrafenilmetano e da ramificazioni che contengono rispettivamente 9 e 21 unità di tipo 4,4′‐dipiridinio (più comunemente noto come viologeno). Lo studio, nell'ambito del quale è stato anche investigato il comportamento di appropriati composti di riferimento costituiti da una sola unità viologeno, ha messo in evidenza che non è possibile ridurre tutte le unità viologeno contenute nei dendrimeri con nessuna delle metodiche utilizzate e che il numero delle unità riducibili cambia a seconda delle condizioni impiegate. Nel caso del dendrimero più grande, ad esempio, delle 21 unità presenti, quelle che possono essere ridotte per via elettrochimica (in acetonitrile) sono 14, mentre sono solo 9 quelle riducibili chimicamente (usando dibenzenecromo in acetonitrile) e 13 quelle ridotte fotochimicamente (utilizzando 9‐metilantracene come fotosens
ISSN:0947-6539
1521-3765
DOI:10.1002/chem.200400747