Population-based case-control study of morale in Parkinson's disease

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with cognitive, psychiatric, and motor features. Each could contribute to a poor sense of well‐being and low morale. A systematic study of morale in community‐dwelling PD cases has not been performed. Methods: A total of 52 PD cases and 260 matched controls from three Spanish communities were assessed using the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS) (range = 0[low morale]–17). The PGCMS includes three dimensions of psychological well‐being: agitation, lonely dissatisfaction, and attitude toward own aging. Results: The PGCMS score was lower in PD cases than controls (8.71 ± 3.64 vs. 11.03 ± 2.77, P