The role of viruses in idiopathic peripheral facial palsy and cellular immune response

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of viruses on the idiopathic peripheral facial palsy and show the interaction of immune system. The levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM antibodies against to varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Ebstein-Barr virus (EBV), and mumps virus in venous blood taken from patients in the amount of 10 mL have been investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were also examined. Of lymphocyte subpopulation, antibodies of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, CD19 +, and CD16 + plus 56 + were analyzed. Ten of the patients had HSV-1 IgG; 1 of the patients IgM, 5 of the patients EBV IgG, 6 of the patients VZV IgG, 1 of the patients IgM, 9 of the patients mumps IgG, 1 of the patients IgM, and finally in 7 of the patients CMV IgG antibodies were obtained. It was found that CD4 + cell and ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + lower and the percentage of the CD8 + and CD16 + plus 56 + cells higher compared with the control group ( P < .05). The levels of TNF-α were lower, whereas IFN-γ and TGF-β1 were higher. It may be concluded from these results that VZV, HSV-1, CMV, EBV, and mumps virus play a significant role in the etiology of idiopathic peripheral facial palsy and activate the cellular immunity.