Clinical cure of ventilator-associated pneumonia treated with piperacillin/tazobactam administered by continuous or intermittent infusion

Abstract The standard mode of administration of piperacillin treatment is by intermittent infusion. However, continuous infusion may be advantageous as β-lactam antibiotics exhibit time-dependent antibacterial activity. In previous studies, we found a higher rate of clinical cure of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) by continuous infusion rather than intermittent infusion of meropenem and ceftazidime. Therefore, the objective of this historical cohort study was to establish the clinical efficacy of piperacillin/tazobactam (PIP/TAZ) administered by continuous and intermittent infusion in the treatment of VAP in patients without renal failure. Logistic regression analysis showed a higher probability of clinical cure of VAP by continuous compared with intermittent infusion when the microorganism responsible for VAP had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 μg/mL [8/9 (88.9%) vs. 6/15 (40.0%); odds ratio (OR) = 10.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–588.24; P = 0.049] or 16 μg/mL [7/8 (87.5%) vs. 1/6 (16.7%); OR = 22.89, 95% CI 1.19–1880.78; P = 0.03]. Thus, administration of PIP/TAZ by continuous infusion may be considered more effective than intermittent infusion for the treatment of VAP caused by Gram-negative bacteria when the MIC of the microorganism responsible for VAP is 8–16 μg/mL in patients without renal failure.