Cell death promoted by homologous DNA interaction from bacteria to humans

Pairing between homologous DNA controls cellular functions including double-strand break repair, mitotic recombination, and progression of DNA replication forks, as well as chiasma formation during meiosis. Here I summarize that homologous interaction could promote the cell killing in bacteria, yeast, and multicellular organisms. The mechanisms of cell killing are categorized into two types: (1) the killing due to the accumulation of extrachromosomal DNA; (2) the killing induced by Holliday junction structures. I propose that the mechanisms of such killing function as novel apoptotic pathways in the cells carrying severe DNA damages to eliminate such damages from cell population.