Influence of Weather Conditions and Season on Physical Activity in Adolescents

Purpose Little is known about how seasonal variation in physical activity relates to declining physical activity in adolescence. We quantified how each of daily weather conditions and season affect physical activity during adolescence. Methods We followed 1293 students, initially aged 12 to 13 years over 5 years. Participants completed a 7-day physical activity recall checklist every 3 months. Data on daily weather conditions were obtained from Environment Canada. The association between the number of physical activity sessions per day, and each of season, and daily weather conditions was assessed in Poisson regressions. Results Adjusting for age, sex, and month, the average number of physical activity sessions per day was 2% to 4% lower for every 10 mm of rainfall and 1% to 2% higher for every 10 °C increase in temperature. Although every 10 cm of snow accumulation was associated with 5% higher activity rates, days with snowfall had lower physical activity. Physical activity was lower during winter and increased during warmer months. However, the warm-month increases did not compensate for winter decreases so that activity decreased by 7% yearly. Conclusions Declines in physical activity during adolescence may be partly explained by declines during winter. Increasing opportunities for physical activity during poor weather, in particular during winter, may mitigate declines in physical activity during adolescence.