Hepatopulmonary Syndrome in HIV—Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A wide array of diagnoses must be considered when a patient with advanced liver disease and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection presents with hypoxemia. It is important to entertain the possibility of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) in such patients, a diagnosis that must be confirmed with a contrast-enhanced echocardiogram (bubble study). We describe a case of HPS diagnosed in a patient with HIV infection and chronic liver disease and review the literature on HPS.