Redesigned immunization card and center-based education to reduce childhood immunization dropouts in urban Pakistan: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract In Pakistan during 2000–2004, about 11–13% of children who received the first dose of diphtheria–pertussis–tetanus (DPT1) failed to complete its third dose (DPT3). We assessed the effect of a redesigned immunization card and center-based education to mothers on DPT3 completion. We enrolled 1500 mother–child units at DPT1, randomized them to three intervention and one standard care groups, and recorded their DPT3 visits during a 90-day follow-up. In multivariable analysis, a significant increase of 31% (adjusted RR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.18–1.46) in DPT3 completion was estimated in the group that received both redesigned card and center-based education compared with the standard care group.