The polyamine and histamine metabolic interplay in cancer and chronic inflammation

PURPOSE OF REVIEWTo provide an update on the major research contributing to deciphering the metabolic interplay of polyamines/histamine and its impact in cancer and chronic inflammation. RECENT FINDINGSThe most recent and relevant findings that might reflect a link between the polyamines/histamine metabolic interplay and the development of cancer and chronic inflammation-related diseases includethe observation that histamine catabolism is downregulated in the colonic mucosa of patients with colonic adenoma; the finding that some polyamine and histamine-related metabolites are different between a breast cancer cell line and a reference mammary epithelial cell line; and the demonstration of the critical role that mast cells (a cell type in which the polyamine/histamine metabolic interplay has been confirmed) play in the development of pancreatic tumors. There is still, however, a lack of specific studies elucidating the exact contribution of the polyamine/histamine metabolic interplay in these clinical settings. SUMMARYIn mammalian cells, a polyamine/histamine metabolic interplay has been extensively proven; however, its ultimate effect on human health largely depends on the cell type and environment. Information on this topic is currently fragmented in the literature. In order to develop efficient intervention strategies, it will be necessary to establish an integrated and holistic view of the role of the polyamine/histamine metabolic interplay in each pathological state.