The NGO Factor in Africa: The Case of Arrested Development in Kenya

Amutabi argues that the complexities of drastic reforms and restructuring of social, economic and political activities brought about by colonial, missionaries and philanthropies have transformed the social structure from communal to that of ". . . binary oppositional structures" (p. 107), which ". . . continued to influence and guide development, away from social welfare to capitalism" (p. 107). [...] the introduction of cash crops in the agricultural sector weakened the subsistence economies and opened up structures of dependence; the intervention in education led to the alienation of uneducated from mainstream development, opening up in the masses a sense of uselessness; and intervention in health displaced traditional medicines and healing dismissing traditional healers as heathen, accusing them of witchcraft and mysticism.