The politics of care for elderly people in Scandinavia

Most of the European countries struggle with a lack of public resources for the care of elderly people. Several comparative studies have shown that the 'social democratic' welfare regime of Scandinavia offers more public services to older people than any other regime. This is true both for institutional care and home care. The national averages, however, hide some serious problems. The responsibility for the care of elderly people has been transferred to the municipalities. This is threatening one of the cornerstones of the Scandinavian welfare state, equality. Access to care is increasingly becoming a question of which municipality you happen to grow old in. While inequality seems to be the problem when comparing elderly living in different municipalities, too egalitarian a policy seems to be a problem within the municipalities. In a situation where every old person is entitled to get help, the number of old people is growing and the economic resources are restricted, the cheapest form of care, 'thinly spread', often seems to be the only solution. It is argued that this leads to unnecessary institutionalisation. Whether there are other solutions, and what consequences they have, is also discussed. Empirical findings from a study of the care of older people in five municipalities in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden from 1991 to 1995, will be used as examples.