Immigration and Occupational Crowding in the United States

The 1990 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth is utilized to explore the effects that the occupational crowding of immigrants has on the real wages of indigenous and non‐US citizen workers already in the United States. Findings include adverse wage effects as a result of the crowding of immigrants on the following worker categories: (1) indigenous, unskilled, white or black workers and (2) non‐US citizen, skilled or unskilled black workers. Foreign‐born, skilled, and white workers already in the US realize a positive effect on their real wages as a result of having a large relative number of non‐US citizens in their occupations.