The Struggle for Equal Rights for Women in the Early Defense Underground: Bar Giora and Ha'shomer, 1907-1918

The Jewish National Movement of the late nineteenth century brought many waves of emigration to Palestine. One of those waves, the Second Aliyah, gave birth to new social-national concepts, including the aspirations both to establish underground organizations to defend the Jewish national enterprise in Palestine & to meet the aspirations of women workers struggling to gain equality. Explored here is the women's struggle for equal rights within Bar Giora & Ha'shomer (underground defense organizations), 1907-1918. 28 References. Adapted from the source document.