CENTRAL BANKING AND MACRO-ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT: REFLECTIONS ON THE JAMAICAN EXPERIENCE

During the past 25 years, the Jamaican economy has been characterized by macroeconomic instability accompanied by a failure to expand output. Against this background, the role of the Central Bank is assessed in the context of overall macroeconomic management. The finding is that during the period un...

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Veröffentlicht in:Social and economic studies 1999-10, Vol.48 (1/2), p.191-214
1. Verfasser: JEFFERSON, OWEN
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:During the past 25 years, the Jamaican economy has been characterized by macroeconomic instability accompanied by a failure to expand output. Against this background, the role of the Central Bank is assessed in the context of overall macroeconomic management. The finding is that during the period under review, monetary policy was generally subordinated to the requirements of fiscal policy which tended to be expansive and destabilising. There was also an over-reliance on direct instruments of control and, excessive reliance on borrowing from the Central Bank militated against attempts at exchange rate stability. Moreover, liberalisation of the foreign exchange system in the early 1990s without adequate preparation paved the way for a further bout of instability. Within recent years, there has been less reliance on central bank borrowing but the budget deficit remains. Government borrowing has also shifted to the market with resultant high interest rates, which continue to inhibit investment and growth. The situation has been compounded by a crisis within the banking system which has required significant Government assistance. Arguments are put forward for a movement towards an autonomous central bank. Durante los últimos 25 años, la economía de Jamaica has sido caracterizada por la inestabilidad macroecnómica acompañada por la incapacidad de aumentar producción. Contra estos antecedentes, está evaluado el papel del Banco Central en el contexto de gestión macroeconomica general. El resultado es que durante el periodo examinado, la politica monetaria era subordinada generalmente a los requisitos de la política fiscal que tenía una tendencia de expansión e inestabilidad. Adicionalmente, se contó excesivamente con los instrumentos directos de control y confianza en los préstamos del Banco Central luchó contra intentos para estabilidad del tipo de cambio. Además, liberalización del sistema de divisas a principios de la década de los años noventa sin preparativos adecuados, allanó el camino para otra ronda de inestabilidad. Recientemente, no se ha contaod tanto con los prestamos de los Bancos Centrales pero queda el déficit presupuestario. Los préstamos gubernamentales han desplazados al mercado con las resultantes altas tasas de intéres, las cuales seguirán inhibiendo la inversión y el crecimiento. La situación ha sido empeorada por un crisis dentro del sistema bancario el cual ha requerido asistencia sustancial por parte del gobierno. Se plantea argumentos para
ISSN:0037-7651