The Rise of the Coast: Trade, State and Culture in Early Ðại Việt

The surge in Song foreign trade affected Ðại Việt greatly, helping to integrate the upper and lower valley of the Red River first economically in the twelfth century, then politically with the rise of the trần dynasty in the thirteenth, and finally culturally in the fourteenth. Coastal wealth, power and classical Chinese scholarship entered the inland capital of Thăng Long (Hanoi) and strongly influenced it, leading to major changes across the land.