Research report: Personality profiles and minor affective psychopathology in a non-clinical sample: An empirical verification of Cloninger's theoretical model

Background Psychopathological vulnerability may be related to certain personality traits. The aim of this study was to explore the association of minor affective psychopathology and the regular use of psychotropic medication with temperament and character profiles from Cloninger's personality model, in a sample of active professional people. Methods This cross-sectional study included 498 non-clinical subjects, teachers in a local school system. Instruments used included the self-administered General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) to measure psychiatric morbidity; the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) to measure depressive symptoms; documentation of regular use of psychotropic medication; and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125) for personality traits self-assessment. Results The proportion of subjects presenting psychiatric morbidity (GHQ-28 > 6) or depressive symptoms (CES-D > 20) was significantly higher among explosive, passive-aggressive, and obsessional temperament profiles, and among schizotypal, moody, melancholic and dependent character profiles. Similar results were observed with the scores on each of the four GHQ-28 subscales (depression, anxiety, social dysfunction, and somatic symptoms). The regular use of psychotropic medications was significantly higher among the passive-aggressive and explosive temperament types, and among the schizoptypal and moody character types. Limitations Being a cross-sectional study, no causal attributions can be inferred. Subjects on sick leave were excluded, so the sample was not representative of the general population. The data were collected using self-reporting questionnaires, and no specific psychiatric diagnoses were obtained. Conclusions It is possible to identify certain personality configurations associated with minor psychopathology and concomitant use of psychotropics, among active professional people. [Copyright Elsevier B.V.]