Preventing and Treating Osteoporosis: Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Approaches

Osteoporosis is a serious disease that is preventable and treatable. Prevention strategies include a healthy diet, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake (via supplementation if needed), and lifestyle changes (eg, exercise with resistance, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol intake). Medications proven to reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures include hormone therapy, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), parathyroid hormone, and bisphosphonates. Nurse practitioners (NPs) should evaluate patients for osteoporosis and educate patients on the importance of bone health. For patients who have osteoporosis, it is important to discuss fracture risks and potential sequelae. Working with patients to select the proper drug for them is a crucial part of the clinical decision-making and management process. The importance of continued communication and follow-up are also vital.