What is so organised about financial-economic crime? - The Belgian case

In 1996 Vincenzo Ruggiero published an impressive book. In this work, he discussed the conceptual confusion in criminology around notions such as "white collar crime," "corporate crime," "occupational crime," "organizational crime" and "organized crime." Ruggiero argued that, despite the great merit of Edwin Sutherland, this confusion is caused by his definition of "White Collar Crime." Ruggerio's argument about the relationship between white collar crime on the one hand and organized crime on the other hand is discussed. There is no reason to believe that the problems which occurred in the past, problems associated with establishing "intent" to commit crime, will be easier to solve in the future. The concrete conclusion is that organized crime and organizational crime are more frequently getting in touch with each other, is ignored. It should be noted that in the past years, new forms of illegalities are emerging. They are focused on the central functions of the formal, legal economy.