Productivity growth in OECD countries: A comparison with Malmquist indices

We utilize two alternative indices to measure productivity growth for all but two OECD countries. First, we employ a Malmquist productivity index without considering the existence of hazardous by-products of production processes. To address the shortfalls of this index, we construct an alternative Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index and find that the Malmquist index underestimates the productivity growth. Finally, we investigate the effects of an international protocol on reducing global emissions and country-specific effects on Malmquist–Luenberger productivity measures. Journal of Comparative Economics 33 (2) (2005) 401–420.