SCOPE: An integrated framework for multi-attribute decision making

This article presents an integrated framework for multi-attribute decision making named SCOPE (System for Combined Planning and Evaluation) that was developed to assess infrastructure policy initiatives-in complex decision environments. The framework comprises scanning as well as assessment issues that are supported by a methodology of both a systemic and a systematic type. Specific use is made of operational research methods such as critical systems heuristics, scenario technique, stakeholder analysis and multi-attribute decision making (MADM). To deal with issues of complexity and ambiguity, planning is redefined as being a systemic endeavour embedded in multi-methodology and reflection-in-practice. The article addresses the purpose, background and principles of systemic planning, and exemplifies the SCOPE process with reference to the Øresund Fixed Link.