Upayoga, according to Kundakunda and Umāsvāti

[...]it is mentioned as of eight kinds. list of ve are called paroks 123 Upayoga, according to Kundakunda and Um asv ati 303 be nally established on the basis of what is laid down in the canon. In his Pravacanas ara (PraS a) II 6364 Kundakunda uses the term upayoga/uvaoga so:11 app a uvaogapp a uvaogo n _ an_adam_san_am_ bhan_ido | so vi suho asuho v a uvaogo appan _o havadi || II 63 || atm a upayog atm a upayogo j anadar sanam _ bhan_itah_ | so pi subho subho v a upayoga atmano bhavati || II 63 || The soul is constituted of the manifestation of consciousness; manifestation of consciousness is towards knowledge and cognition; the manifestation of consciousness of the soul is either auspicious or inauspicious [tr. p. 399]. uvaogo jadi hi suho pun_n_am_ j ivassa sam _cayam_ j adi | _ tesim abh ave n_a cayam atthi || II 64 || upayogo yadi hi subhah _ pun_yam_ j ivasya sacayam _ y ati | a subho v a tath a p apam _ tayor bh ave na cayo sti || II 64 || If the manifestation of consciousness is auspicious, the soul accumulates merit; if inauspicious, sin; in the absence of both there is no accumulation (of Karmas) [tr. p. 399]. Since the word upayoga/uvaoga is explicitly used here with the reference to auspicious, etc., the latter terms express the idea of parin _ ama or transformation of the soul. The rst mention of upayoga in the stras themselves is in TS 2, 89 (and said to be dar sana andn ana in the commentaries), so it is puzzling why the Svopanabh as _ ya would mention the word upayoga in commenting on TS 1, 9 (the dar sana andn ana mentioned here are only in the context of kevaladar sana and -n ana and not as jano- and dar sanopayoga). [...]it seems quite logical that in ordinary cognition, for instance, sensory knowledge and scriptural knowledge could occur togetherand this is what stra 1, 30/31 itself says, namely, that up to four kinds can occur together. [...]dar sanopayoga would be indeterminate or bare perception and j anopayoga would be determinate or specic perception.15 References Deleu, J. (1996).