Systems concept and components of fractal radio electronics: Part II. Synthesis methods and prospects for application

A systemization is continued for the results of theoretical and experimental investigations that were obtained in radio physics and radio engineering with the help of the fractal theory and the mathematical theory of fractional dimension and fractional operators with consideration for the scaling effects of real radio signals and electromagnetic fields. A fundamentally new approach to synthesis of fractal impedances that involves multilayer resistive-capacitive distributed-parameter elements is proposed. The approach is based on the method of finite distributed elements and genetic algorithms of objective-function extremum searching. Recent processing methods for superweak signals and low-contrast images are presented. The methods are based on texture and fractal attributes with allowance for the scaling effects of real radio signals and electromagnetic fields. The principles of a fractal-attribute dictionary are justified for classes of prescribed targets employed for recognition. The main stages of creation of the first fractal nonparametric radar-signal detector and the principles of its construction are considered. This material can be applied to other systems of this class. Ways to construct adaptive fractal detectors are proposed. A physical realization of complex-order fractional-integrodifferentiation operators is considered in the Russian literature for the first time, and it is shown that not only negative but also complex fractional dimension D is possible.