Galileo Doppler Measurements of the Deep Zonal Winds at Jupiter

Changes in the speed of the Galileo probe caused by zonal winds created a small but measurable Doppler effect in the probe relay carrier frequency. Analysis of the probe relay link frequency allows direct measurements of the speed of Jupiter's zonal winds beneath the cloud tops. The deep winds...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 1996-05, Vol.272 (5263), p.842-843
Hauptverfasser:	Atkinson, David H., Pollack, James B., Seiff, Alvin
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Algorithms Altitude Astronomical and space-research instrumentation Astronomy Atmosphere Clouds Doppler effect Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology Fundamental astronomy and astrophysics. Instrumentation, techniques, and astronomical observations Galileo Probes Jupiter's Atmosphere Geometry Jovian atmosphere Jupiter Jupiter (Planet) Jupiter probes Least Squares Statistics Lunar, planetary, and deep-space probes Mathematics Measurement Measurement Techniques Motion Neutral atmospheres Observations Orbital motion Performance Tests Planetary atmospheres Planetary meteorology Planetary probes Planetary, asteroid, and satellite characteristics and properties Planets Planets, their satellites and rings. Asteroids Profiles Solar system Space probes Spacecraft Trajectories Wind Wind velocity
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:	Changes in the speed of the Galileo probe caused by zonal winds created a small but measurable Doppler effect in the probe relay carrier frequency. Analysis of the probe relay link frequency allows direct measurements of the speed of Jupiter's zonal winds beneath the cloud tops. The deep winds were prograde and strong, reaching a sustained 190 to 200 meters per second at an altitude marked by a pressure of 24 bars. The depth and strength of the zonal winds severely constrain dynamic modeling of the deeper layers and begin to rule out many shallow weather theories.
ISSN:	0036-8075 1095-9203
DOI:	10.1126/science.272.5263.842