Versatile Harmonic Tidal Analysis: Improvements and Applications

New computer software that permits more versatility in the harmonic analysis of tidal time series is described and tested. Specific improvements to traditional methods include the analysis of randomly sampled and/or multiyear data; more accurate nodal correction, inference, and astronomical argument adjustments through direct incorporation in the least squares matrix; multiconstituent inferences from a single reference constituent; correlation matrices and error estimates that facilitate decisions on the selection of constituents for the analysis; and a single program that analyzes one- or two-dimensional time series. This new methodology is evaluated through comparisons with results from old techniques and then applied to two problems that could not have been accurately solved with older software. They are (i) the analysis of ocean station temperature time series spanning 25 yr, and (ii) the analysis of satellite altimetry from a ground track whose proximity to land has led to significant data dropout. This new software is free as part of the Institute of Ocean Sciences (IOS) Tidal Package and can be downloaded, along with sample input data and an explanatory readme file.