Binderless fabrication of amorphous RuO@@d2@ electrode for electrochemical capacitor using spark plasma sintering technique

The spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique was successfully used to mold a hydrous amorphous RuO@@d2@electrode without any additives and binders. At the cyclic voltammetry (CV) scan rate of 1 mV s@@u- 1@, the electrochemical capacitances of the RuO@@d2@ electrodes are 600-700 F g@@u-1@ for the entire electrode. An increase in the SPS current during the compaction led to the crystallization and dehydration of RuO@@d2@, which in turn, resulted in a significant decrease in its capacitance. There is room to improve the rate properties as we observed a steep drop in the capacitance when the CV scan rate was raised.