Boosting the catalytic activity of nanostructured ZnFe2O4 spinels incorporating with Cu2+ for photo-Fenton degradation under visible light

Methylene blue (MB) is hazardous in natural water because this dye causes serious diseases that endangers public health and ecosystems. Photocatalytic degradation is a prominent technique for achieving the effective elimination of dye pollutants from wastewater and contribute vitally to ecology and environmental safety. Herein, Cu 2+ -substituted ZnFe 2 O 4 nanomaterials (Cu x Zn 1- x Fe 2 O 4 ; x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6) were synthesized, characterized, and applied for the photocatalytic degradation of MB dye beneath visible light with the assistance of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). The feature of the photo-catalysts was determined by XRD, EDX, FTIR, DRS, BET, SEM, and TEM techniques. Incorporation of Cu 2+ ions changed the crystalline phase, particle size, morphology, and surface area. The photocatalysis condition was optimized with the following major factors, the amout of doping Cu 2+ ions, H 2 O 2 concentration, adsorbent dosage, and MB concentration. As a result, the photocatalytic MB degradation efficiency by Cu 0.6 Zn 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 catalyst was 99.83% within 90 min under LED light ( λ ≥ 420 nm), which was around 4 folds higher than that of pure ZnFe 2 O 4 . The photo-Fenton kinetics were in accordance with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model ( R 2 = 0.981), giving the highes rate constant of 0.034 min −1 . It can be, therefore, concluded that Cu 2+ substitution considerably boosted the photocatalytic activity of Cu x Zn 1- x Fe 2 O 4 ZnFe 2 O 4 , suggesting a bright prospect of Cu 0.6 Zn 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 as a photo-catalyst in the dyes wastewater treatment.