TNT: a talking tutor 'n'trainer for teaching use of interactive computer systems

Tutor 'N' Trainer (TNT) is an automated tutor for vi, the UNIX system screen editor. TNT fosters learning by doing. The Tutor component guides the student's practice with spoken instruction and feedback. The Trainer component assures safety during practice by permitting only previously taught and appropriate operations. Individualization and effectiveness are achieved in two ways: special helper keys enable slow learners to get extra help and repeat troublesome tasks; and practice loops force slow learners to practice tasks repeatedly until competency is achieved.