Genetic Testing for Monogenic Forms of Male Infertility Contributes to the Clinical Diagnosis of Men with Severe Idiopathic Male Infertility

In recent years, many genes have been associated with male infertility; however, testing of monogenic forms has not yet been clinically implemented in the diagnosis of severe forms of idiopathic male infertility, as the diagnostic utility has not been established yet. The aim of this study was therefore to answer if the implementation of genetic testing for monogenic forms of male infertility could contribute to the clinical diagnosis of men with severe forms of idiopathic male infertility. Based on the ClinGene curation protocol, we defined a panel of genes with sufficient evidence for the involvement with severe male infertility. We tested the 21-gene panel in a representative multicentric cohort of men with significantly impaired spermatogenesis. We performed whole exome sequencing on 191 infertile men with severe forms of idiopathic male infertility; non-obstructive azoospermia, and severe oligozoospermia (T, p.Arg926 ; c.2817delG, p.Leu940fs), (c.1392delG, p.Ile465fs; c.2261C>T, p.Ser754Leu), (c.6848_6849delGA, p.Arg2283fs; c.6271dupA, p.Arg2091fs), and (c.1021C>T, p.Arg341 ) genes were found. In the present multicentric cohort study, a monogenic cause in 2.1% of infertile men was identified. These findings confirm the utility of monogenic testing and suggest the clinical use of monogenic testing for men with severe forms of idiopathic male infertility.