Structural analysis and anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Radix Puerariae lobatae (Willd.) Ohwi roots

Radix Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, renowned for its medicinal properties, has garnered significant research interest, particularly in its polysaccharide components. In this study, a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (50PLP) was isolated and characterized from P. lobata. Structural analysis revealed 50PLP (Mw = 341.2 kDa) consists of Gal and Glc monosaccharides, with predominant linkages of (1 → 4)-α-d-glucose, (1 → 3,4)-α-d-glucose, and (1 → 4,6)-α-d-glucose. In vivo experiments demonstrated the therapeutic potential of 50PLP in hepatic fibrosis, as evidenced by enhanced antioxidant capacity, reduced oxidative stress, and alleviated inflammatory damage in liver tissues of mice. Moreover, 50PLP improved colon permeability and modulated intestinal microbiota, promoting microbial balance and positively influencing bacterial composition. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that 50PLP supports intestinal homeostasis by increasing short-chain fatty acid levels and regulating gut microbiota composition. These findings suggest 50PLP as a promising therapeutic agent for treating hepatic fibrosis, providing a scientific basis for the clinical application of P. lobata in medical interventions.