Maternal and cord blood levels of metals and fetal liver function

Exposure to metals during pregnancy has been associated with adverse birth outcomes, but its impact on fetal liver function remains poorly understood. This study for the first time aimed to investigate the association between maternal and umbilical cord blood Metals levels and umbilical liver enzymes. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 450 mother-newborn pairs in 2022, measuring 13 Metals in serum samples from pregnant women during the third trimester and umbilical cord blood samples. Regression analyses were utilized to examine the relationship between levels of maternal and umbilical cord blood Metals and the levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), umbilical alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). G-comp analyses evaluated the combined effect of metals exposure on umbilical liver enzymes. Elevated levels of certain Metals in cord blood and maternal samples were positively linked with increased umbilical GGT, ALP, ALT, and AST levels. Notably, zinc (Zn) levels in cord blood exhibited an inverse correlation with umbilical liver enzyme levels. Furthermore, g-comp analyses revealed significant positive associations between exposure to metals mixtures and umbilical liver enzyme levels. An increase of one quartile in the mixture of maternal and umbilical Metals was linked with 99.45 U/L (95% CI:37.72, 161.19, p