Effect of Conditions Simulating Practical Use on the Efficiency of an N-Halamine-Based Finish Applied to Medical Gown and Military Uniform Fabrics

Biocidal fabrics can reduce the transmission of pathogens caused by contaminated personal protective equipment (PPE). N-halamines are very effective and fast-acting biocides against bacteria and viruses. To explore the relevance of N-halamine compounds for use in PPE and operational clothing and equipment (OCE), this study investigates the impact of an N-halamine-based finish on the functional and aesthetic properties of fabrics used for medical gowns and military uniforms, and examines the effect of conditions simulating the PPE and OCE practical use on the N-halamine-based finish. It was observed that the presence of a water-repellent finish on the fabrics reduced the chlorine loading for the fabric made of hydrophilic fibers, whereas no effect was observed for the polyester fabric. No major effect of the finish application was measured on the fabric strength. In terms of the color, the gown fabric was strongly affected by the finish application and subsequent chlorination, whereas the effect on the military fabric was more limited. The treated fabrics remained within the requirements for Class 1 in terms of flammability. The results showed no impact of low chlorination temperature and different water quality levels on the chlorination efficiency. On the other hand, laundering, repeated abrasion, and exposure to UV radiation and perspiration simulating use conditions reduced the chlorine content in the fabric. These results provide some insight into the strengths and remaining challenges of N-halamine fabric finishes when considering practical applications for protective clothing.