Green chemistry advances: Integrating digital images and microextraction

Digital image colorimetry (DIC) is a promising analytical technique for quantifying chemical species. It is accessible, simple, and cost-effective. When combined with separation and preconcentration techniques like liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) and solid-phase extraction (SPE), DIC becomes even more beneficial, particularly in environmental monitoring, food safety, pharmaceutical analysis, and water quality control. This review critically analyzes the principal methodologies that associate DIC with these techniques, comparing the effectiveness of different approaches and their applications. Crucial factors such as accurate calibration and lighting control are discussed as they can significantly impact the accuracy of DIC measurements. LPME is widely used due to the ease of homogenization of the acceptor phase, while the SPE requires more manipulation and shows great potential, especially with devices developed for direct detection in the rich phase. The review also explores future trends and directions to improve the use of these methodologies. [Display omitted] •Critical analysis of preconcentration procedures associated with detection by digital images.•Approaches and devices involving microextraction and digital images are discussed.•Trends in the use of digital imaging in microextraction methods are presented.•The method's advantages, disadvantages, and relevant aspects are presented and discussed.