Spatio-temporal characteristics of urban heat Island of Jakarta metropolitan

Around 151 million people (56%) of Indonesia's population currently live in cities. When the inner city sees substantially warmer temperatures than neighboring rural areas, a city experiences the urban heat island (UHI) effect. For both day and night time, the inner city within the Jakarta area tends to have a higher land and surface air temperature in comparison to its surroundings. Using available remote sensing satellite data (MODIS and Landsat) and surface meteorological observations, this research detects and defines the spatiotemporal land surface (SUHI) development in the Jakarta agglomeration region. In this paper, how the intensity of land surface (SUHI) and surface air UHI (AUHI) is measured, the trend assessment of 20 years SUHI area, as well as how land use change contributes to UHI development in the Jakarta Metropolitan area, is discussed. The results show that the SUHI intensity is approximately 3°C–6°C and AUHI is approximately 1°C–2.5 °C. This paper offers a comprehensive feature of UHI in Greater Jakarta as a research novelty, which is getting worse in response to global warming.