Integrated microbiome and metabolome analysis reveals the key role of taurohyocholate in the treatment of hyperuricemia with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus 2016SWU.05.0601

[Display omitted] •L. rhamnosus 2016SWU.05.0601 attenuated hyperuricemia in mice.•L. rhamnosus reduced the level of uric acid synthetase in the liver.•L. rhamnosus regulated the expression of uric acid transporters in the kidney.•L. rhamnosus influenced gut microbiota and metabolite abundance.•Taurohyocholate could be a key gut microbiota metabolite in hyperuricemia treatment. The incidence of hyperuricemia (HUA) is on the rise, posing a significant threat to human health. Several probiotics have shown potential in treating HUA; however, the critical role of intestinal metabolites in this therapy remains inadequately understood. Our study demonstrated that Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus 2016SWU.05.0601 not only reduced the expression levels of xanthine dehydrogenase and the content and activity of xanthine oxidase in the liver but also regulated the uric acid transporters expression in the kidney, thereby attenuating HUA in mice. Additionally, L. rhamnosus 2016SWU.05.0601 modulated the gut microbiota and metabolite abundance in HUA mice. Correlation analysis revealed that the gut microbiota metabolite taurohyocholate played a vital role in the treatment of HUA by L. rhamnosus 2016SWU.05.0601, as confirmed in HUA cell models. Our research provides a significant theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanisms by which probiotics alleviate HUA and for developing functional ingredients for HUA treatment.